1,479,638 research outputs found
The physical gravitational degrees of freedom
When constructing general relativity (GR), Einstein required 4D general
covariance. In contrast, we derive GR (in the compact, without boundary case)
as a theory of evolving 3-dimensional conformal Riemannian geometries obtained
by imposing two general principles: 1) time is derived from change; 2) motion
and size are relative. We write down an explicit action based on them. We
obtain not only GR in the CMC gauge, in its Hamiltonian 3 + 1 reformulation but
also all the equations used in York's conformal technique for solving the
initial-value problem. This shows that the independent gravitational degrees of
freedom obtained by York do not arise from a gauge fixing but from hitherto
unrecognized fundamental symmetry principles. They can therefore be identified
as the long-sought Hamiltonian physical gravitational degrees of freedom.Comment: Replaced with published version (minor changes and added references
QED on Curved Background and on Manifolds with Boundaries: Unitarity versus Covariance
Some recent results show that the covariant path integral and the integral
over physical degrees of freedom give contradicting results on curved
background and on manifolds with boundaries. This looks like a conflict between
unitarity and covariance. We argue that this effect is due to the use of
non-covariant measure on the space of physical degrees of freedom. Starting
with the reduced phase space path integral and using covariant measure
throughout computations we recover standard path integral in the Lorentz gauge
and the Moss and Poletti BRST-invariant boundary conditions. We also
demonstrate by direct calculations that in the approach based on Gaussian path
integral on the space of physical degrees of freedom some basic symmetries are
broken.Comment: 29 pages, LaTEX, no figure
Physical Degrees of Freedom of Non-local Theories
We analyze the physical (reduced) space of non-local theories, around the
fixed points of these systems, by analyzing: i) the Hamiltonian constraints
appearing in the 1+1 formulation of those theories, ii) the symplectic two form
in the surface on constraints.
P-adic string theory for spatially homogeneous configurations has two fixed
points. The physical phase space around is trivial, instead around
is infinite dimensional. For the special case of the rolling
tachyon solutions it is an infinite dimensional lagrangian submanifold. In the
case of string field theory, at lowest truncation level, the physical phase
space of spatially homogeneous configurations is two dimensional around ,
which is the relevant case for the rolling tachyon solutions, and infinite
dimensional around .Comment: 27 pages, 2 figure
Dynamical noncommutativity
The model of dynamical noncommutativity is proposed. The system consists of
two interrelated parts. The first of them describes the physical degrees of
freedom with coordinates q^1, q^2, the second one corresponds to the
noncommutativity r which has a proper dynamics. After quantization the
commutator of two physical coordinates is proportional to the function of r.
The interesting feature of our model is the dependence of nonlocality on the
energy of the system. The more the energy, the more the nonlocality. The
lidding contribution is due to the mode of noncommutativity, however, the
physical degrees of freedom also contribute in nonlocality in higher orders in
\theta.Comment: published versio
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